Why are the public health services in a perilous state in many areas of South Africa? These shortcomings have been brought into sharp focus by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is true that in 1994 at the time of the democratic transition in this country, that the health services bore the scars of decades of racial segregation. Hospitals and clinics were divided along racial lines with facilities for patients of colour inferior to those available to white patients. When I moved into health management in 1995 as Head of the Free State Department of Health, this difference was a stark reality. It was mirrored by the realities experienced…